Type Scale Step
Calculator

Inputs

Size at that step (px)
31.25

Results

Size at that step (px)
31.25
One step up (px)
20
One step down (px)
12.8
Increase per step (%)
25

Design and print results

Size at that step (px)31.25
One step up (px)20
One step down (px)12.8
Increase per step (%)25

formula-map diagram

Size at that step (px)
31.25
One step up (px)
20
One step down (px)
12.8
Increase per step (%)
25

Formula breakdown

Formula

size = base × ratio^step

= 31.25

Note

Simplified model: these are standard prepress and typographic relationships computed on nominal values. Real press bulk, paper caliper and shrinkage, ink limits for a given profile, font metrics and binding allowances vary by supplier and by job, so confirm with your printer and a proof before going to press.

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Frequently asked questions

What is a type scale, and what does 'step' mean?+

A type scale is a set of font sizes that grow or shrink by a consistent ratio, and a 'step' is one position in that sequence — step 0 is usually your base size, step 1 is the next size up, and negative steps go smaller (for captions, footnotes, etc.).

How does the calculator get from a base size to a specific step's size?+

It multiplies the base font size by the chosen ratio raised to the power of the step number. For a base of 16px and a ratio of 1.25, step 2 is 16 x 1.25^2 = 25px.

What ratio should I pick for my type scale?+

Smaller ratios (1.125-1.2) give subtle, closely-spaced sizes suited to dense interfaces, while larger ratios (1.333-1.618) create more dramatic jumps suited to editorial or marketing headlines. There's no single correct ratio — it's a design choice tied to your content density.

Why do my headings look like they're jumping too much in size?+

You likely picked a large ratio (like 1.5 or higher) across many steps, which compounds quickly since each step multiplies rather than adds. Try a smaller ratio, or skip fewer steps between your heading levels.

Do I need to round the calculated pixel sizes?+

Yes, in practice — raw calculated values are rarely whole numbers, so round to the nearest pixel (or to a value that divides cleanly, like the nearest even number) for cleaner CSS and to avoid sub-pixel rendering inconsistencies across browsers.