Led Series Resistor
Calculator

Inputs

Series resistor (Ω)
145

Results

Series resistor (Ω)
145
Resistor power (mW)
57.999999
LED power (mW)
42

Electrical results

Series resistor (Ω)145
Resistor power (mW)57.999999
LED power (mW)42

formula-map diagram

Series resistor (Ω)
145
Resistor power (mW)
57.999999
LED power (mW)
42

Electrical relationship

Formula

R = (Vsupply − Vforward) / Iled

= 145

Note

This is a simplified model: it applies the textbook relationship to the numbers you entered and assumes ideal components, steady-state sinusoidal conditions, balanced loads and copper resistivity of 0.0172 Ω·mm²/m at 20 °C. It ignores component tolerances, temperature drift, skin effect, harmonics, inrush, transformer and battery losses, and it is not a substitute for the wiring code that applies where you are. Have any installation sized and verified by a licensed electrician or engineer.

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Frequently asked questions

Why does an LED need a series resistor at all?+

An LED's voltage stays nearly constant once it's conducting, so without a resistor to limit current, even a tiny increase in supply voltage causes a runaway current spike that destroys the LED almost instantly.

How is the resistor value calculated?+

R = (Vsupply - Vf) / If, where Vf is the LED's forward voltage drop and If is your target current. The resistor absorbs whatever voltage is left over after the LED's own drop.

What happens if I use a resistor that's too small?+

Too little resistance lets too much current flow, which overheats the LED's semiconductor junction and shortens its life dramatically, or burns it out immediately. Always round up to a slightly larger standard resistor value rather than down.

Where do I find the forward voltage and current values for my LED?+

Check the LED's datasheet: typical forward voltages range from about 1.8V for red to 3.2V for blue or white, and typical currents run 10-20mA for standard indicator LEDs. Using a rough estimate is fine for simple projects.

Does the series resistor value change if I power the LED from a different voltage?+

Yes, the resistor value depends directly on the supply voltage in the formula, so switching from a 5V source to a 9V source requires recalculating (and typically increasing) the resistor to keep the same target current.